K. Ayanfalu

From Drmills

“Female Orgasm: Is it a by product or an adaptation?”
The purpose of the female orgasm is a complicated subject some researchers believe it is a by product of the body. Many researchers believe it is an adaptation. There are two forms of the female orgasms, the clitoral orgasm and the vaginal orgasm. Freud in 1905 came up with the difference between the two orgasms in 1905, stating that clitoral orgasms were of adolescent behaviors and vaginal orgasms were for mature women behviors. In reality clitoral orgasm is the basis or the “seat” of an orgasm, the clitoris is external and internal and outlines the vagina therefore both orgasms are linked and are considered the same (Levin, 2002).

Lloyd (2005) hypothesizes that female orgasm is similar to the male nipple, which is a nonfunctional developmental byproduct of natural selection for a functional trait in the opposite sex. For example males have nipples because of universal development with females, for whom nipples are adaptations; females have orgasms because of universal development with males, for whom orgasm is an adaptation. An adaptation has function and is favored among natural selection.

The main confirmation that female orgasm is most likely not an adaptation is the clitoris , which is mainly responsible for triggering orgasms in women, and in men, the penis, would demonstrate a similar distinction in variability to that seen in the episode of a orgasm. Therefore a contrast in variability of features from male and female genital structures that supports differential selection on genitalia, which means that differential selection on male and female orgasm are different. Female orgasms are a by product (Eschler,2004).

Utertine insuck mechanism (Dunn, 2005) is a mechanism of the female that literally whereas thje vagina tightens and sucks up the sperm during an orgasm. Another method of orgasms is when the female secretes fluids out of the vagina to expel unwanted sperm. Women at rest have a high acidic fluid in the vagina which is not a beneficial environment for the sperm but during sexual arousal it raises the PH and makes it a moresutable place for sperm (Lloyd, 2005). 

A recent theory receiving some publicity is that the female body can achieve orgasm both from stimulation of the clitoris and from stimulation of the G-spot. The Gräfenberg spot, or G-spot, is a small area behind the female pubic bone surrounding the urethra and accessible through the anterior wall of the vagina. The G-spot orgasm is sometimes referred to as "vaginal," because it results from stimulation inside the vagina, including during sexual intercourse. The size of this spot appears to vary very considerably from person to person.

A significant amount of the changes that occur in the human female genital tract induced by sexual arousal do not effortlessly fit into the pleasurable perspective
of human sex (Dawood, 2005). Human beings significance to the reproductive process, however, gives the background to these changes without taking from from the clear pleasurable aspects of sexual arousal. A number of the changes facilitate motility, survival and spermatological metabolism, but other structures do not carry them along the genital tract and may hindrance such progress. This hindrance is probably the main factor in creating the optimum fertilization potential from the sperm ejaculated in the vagina. Therefore if a number of these changes are poorly expressed, sexual as well as reproductive dysfunction may arise (Levin, 2002).

Reference list
Caton, H. (2006). Book review: The case of orgasm: Bias in the science of evolution.
Research and Human Genetics, 9, 181–183.
Dawood, K., Kirk, K. M., Bailey, J. M., Andrews, P. W.,& Martin, N. G. (2005). Genetic
and environmentalinfluences on the frequency of orgasm in women.Twin
Research and Human Genetics, 8, 27–33.
Dunn, K. M., Cherkas, L. F., & Spector, T. D. (2005). Genetic influences on variation in
female orgasmic function:A twin study. Biology Letters, June. [Online ed.]
Eschler, L. (2004). Prize Essay: The physiology of the female orgasm as a proximate
mechanism. Sexualities,Evolution & Gender, 6, 171–194.
Levin, R. J. (2002). The physiology of sexual arousal in the human female: A recreational
and procreational synthesis. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 31, 405–411.
Lloyd, E. A. (2005b). Elisabeth Lloyd’s views on the new heritability study of female
orgasm. Retrieved from http://philbio.typepad.com/philosophy_of_biology/2005/06/lisa_lloyds_vie.html

Scale: 1 - 5 (5 is best) 

_4_ discovered, integrated and synthesized relevant information about the topic

_3_ critical analysis of information (of both corroborating and non-corroborating evidence)

_3_ conclusions based on empirical evidence (when available), not simply opinion

_3_ written in an impartial, objective tone

_3_ the contribution fits in well with the existing outline and material

_3_ writing is of high quality: interesting, flows, analytic, organized

_5_ used APA style referencing appropriately (including reference list)

_3_ included relevant graphics (tables, histograms, photos, etc.).

___ included a list of relevant external web links for more information

GRADE: C