K. Patterson
From Drmills
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INDIVIDUAL PROJECT
PROPOSAL
Individual Project Proposal
Name: Katie Patterson
Topic: Ch. 10, Understanding Women / Human Females Compared to Other Primates / Human Female Morphological Adaptations / Concealed Ovulation / Female Response to Courtship Behavior at Various Points in the Menstrual Cycle
I plan to write my individual project on female receptivity of courtship behavior during various phases of the menstrual cycle. The articles I plan to reference investigated women’s reactions to courtship behaviors at different points in their menstrual cycles. This topic is important because females are usually unaware of their own ovulation. Therefore, female behaviors during ovulation are suspected to be largely a product of evolution. The articles I will reference are listed below.
References
Gueguen, N. (2009). Menstrual cycle phases and female receptivity to a courtship solicitation: An evaluation in a nightclub. Evolution of Human Behavior, 30(5), 351-355. doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.03.004
Guegen, N. (2009). The receptivity of women to a courtship solicitation across the menstrual cycle: A field experiment. Biological Psychology, 80(3), 321-324. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.11.004
Harvey, S. M. (1987). Female sexual behavior: Fluctuations during the menstrual cycle. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 31, 101-110. doi: 10.1016/0022-3999(87)90104-8
Rosen, M. L. & Lopez, H. H. (2009). Menstrual cycle shifts in attentional bias for courtship language. Evolution and Human Behavior, 30(2), 131-140. doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2008.09.007
FIRST DRAFT
Female Receptivity to Courtship Behavior Throughout the Menstrual Cycle
The adaptation of concealed ovulation in human females poses certain challenges to the display of a woman’s fertility. It is advantageous for a woman’s fertility to be clearly advertised to a man in order to attract possible mates for reproduction. However, there are no obvious signs of ovulation in the human species. However(use another a different word- however is the first word of two consecutive sentences), copious amounts of research have revealed strategies to counteract this disadvantage. Some (of these )delete mechanisms used during ovulation include wearing certain colors, being attracted to more masculine faces, and an increased(change to a word ending with -ing to keep the listing parallel) k inclination for extra-pair copulation.
Recent research has discovered that females may have mechanisms to increase receptivity of courtship behavior during the fertile phase of their menstrual cycle. By being more receptive to courtship attempts made by men, women increase the probability of copulation and subsequent reproduction. This proves important when considering that females may not always be aware of their own periods of ovulation. Adaptations may have evolved to account for this ignorance, and increase chances of copulation.
Guegen (2009) found that women (nonpill-users) in the fertile phase of their menstrual cycle were more likely to give their phone number to an unknown man when solicited in the street than women in their luteal or menstrual phase. This finding suggests that women in their fertile phase have an increased interest in men during their fertile phase. This amplified interest in men increases the probability of being receptive to courtship behavior in order to increase chances of copulation.
Guegen (2009) later conducted a similar study in a nightclub. He found that women (nonpill-users) in their fertile phase responded more favorably to a request to dance from an unknown man than women in their luteal or menstrual phase(try to make this sentence more clear). These results reveal that hormone fluctuations during the menstrual cycle have an influence on women’s receptivity to men’s sexual pursuits. It suggests a greater desire to engage in sexual activity while the chances of pregnancy are high.
Other research has been interested in the role that language plays in women’s courtship receptivity. Language is exclusive to humans and plays a large role in our communication of courtship behaviors. Rosen and Lopez (2009) found that women in their fertile phase showed an attentional bias for courtship language. During a dichotic listening task, fertile women were significantly more distracted by flirtatious courtship language than by neutral language. However, women who were not in their fertile phase were more distracted by neutral language than by courtship language. Therefore, language must be an important factor in the perception of courtship displays. Women have evolved an attentional bias for language in order to obtain mate-relevant information. This information may reveal whether a possible mate is sexually interested or whether he has the attributes that a woman would want for her offspring. Another interesting speculation is that this attentional bias may aid in female-female competition for a mate. Being especially tuned in to courtship language will enable females to compete for a man’s attention when they recognize that he is trying to court another woman.
Research has revealed that women have mechanisms that incline them to be receptive to courtship behavior when they are in the fertile phase of their menstrual cycle. This is especially advantageous for females because it decreases the possibility that they will forego an opportunity to reproduce. These mechanisms account for the adaptation of concealed ovulation.
References
Guegen, N. (2009). The receptivity of women to a courtship solicitation across the menstrual cycle: A field experiment. Biological Psychology, 80(3), 321-324. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.11.004
Gueguen, N. (2009). Menstrual cycle phases and female receptivity to a courtship solicitation: An evaluation in a nightclub. Evolution of Human Behavior, 30(5), 351-355. doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.03.004
Rosen, M. L. & Lopez, H. H. (2009). Menstrual cycle shifts in attentional bias for courtship language. Evolution and Human Behavior, 30(2), 131-140. doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2008.09.007
COMPLETED CRITIQUE AND REVISION SUGGESTIONS OF A CLASSMATES PAPER
ADD: Completed on (add the date completed): 11/21/10
ADD: Web link to this classmate's personal wiki page: http://drmills.wiki-site.com/index.php/N._Pebbles
FINAL DRAFT
Insert your final draft here:
Female Receptivity to Courtship Behavior Throughout the Menstrual Cycle
Contributor: Katie Patterson
The adaptation of concealed ovulation in human females poses certain challenges to the display of a woman’s fertility. It is advantageous for a woman’s fertility to be clearly advertised to a man in order to attract possible mates for reproduction. However, there are no obvious signs of ovulation in the human species. Nonetheless, copious amounts of research have revealed strategies to counteract this disadvantage. Some of these mechanisms used during ovulation include wearing certain colors, being attracted to more masculine faces, and an increasing inclination for extra-pair copulation.
Recent research has discovered that females may have mechanisms to increase receptivity of courtship behavior during the fertile phase of their menstrual cycle. By being more receptive to courtship attempts made by men, women increase the probability of copulation and subsequent reproduction. This proves important when considering that females may not always be aware of their own periods of ovulation. Adaptations may have evolved to account for this ignorance and increase chances of copulation.
Guegen (2009) found that women (nonpill-users) in the fertile phase of their menstrual cycle were more likely to give their phone number to an unknown man when solicited in the street than women in their luteal or menstrual phase. This finding suggests that women in their fertile phase have an increased interest in men during their fertile phase. This amplified interest in men increases the probability of being receptive to courtship behavior in order to increase chances of copulation.
Guegen (2009) later conducted a similar study in a nightclub. He found that women (nonpill-users) in their fertile phase responded more favorably to a request to dance from an unknown man than women in their luteal or menstrual phase. These results reveal that hormone fluctuations during the menstrual cycle have an influence on women’s receptivity to men’s sexual pursuits. It suggests a greater desire to engage in sexual activity while the chances of pregnancy are high.
Other research has been interested in the role that language plays in women’s courtship receptivity. Language is exclusive to humans and plays a large role in our communication of courtship behaviors. Rosen and Lopez (2009) found that women in their fertile phase showed an attentional bias for courtship language. During a dichotic listening task, fertile women were significantly more distracted by flirtatious courtship language than by neutral language. However, women who were not in their fertile phase were more distracted by neutral language than by courtship language. Therefore, language must be an important factor in the perception of courtship displays. Women have evolved an attentional bias for language in order to obtain mate-relevant information. This information may reveal whether a possible mate is sexually interested or whether he has the attributes that a woman would want for her offspring. Another interesting speculation is that this attentional bias may aid in female-female competition for a mate. Being especially tuned in to courtship language will enable females to compete for a man’s attention when they recognize that he is trying to court another woman.
Research has revealed that women have mechanisms that incline them to be receptive to courtship behavior when they are in the fertile phase of their menstrual cycle. This is especially advantageous for females because it decreases the possibility that they will forego an opportunity to reproduce. These mechanisms account for the adaptation of concealed ovulation.
References
Guegen, N. (2009). The receptivity of women to a courtship solicitation across the menstrual cycle: A field experiment. Biological Psychology, 80(3), 321-324. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.11.004
Gueguen, N. (2009). Menstrual cycle phases and female receptivity to a courtship solicitation: An evaluation in a nightclub. Evolution of Human Behavior, 30(5), 351-355. doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.03.004
Rosen, M. L. & Lopez, H. H. (2009). Menstrual cycle shifts in attentional bias for courtship language. Evolution and Human Behavior, 30(2), 131-140. doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2008.09.007
Direct links to articles:
2. http://0-www.sciencedirect.com.linus.lmu.edu/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T6H-4V4M31D-2&_user=945462&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2009&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000048964&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=945462&md5=d724e7a79cf3f5a0b983253de7c96429&searchtype=a
3. http://0-www.sciencedirect.com.linus.lmu.edu/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T6H-4W441JD-4&_user=945462&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2009&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000048964&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=945462&md5=a698c75afba9c84ade14e18fd6624fbc&searchtype=a
YOU MUST ALSO POST YOUR FINAL PAPER TO THE RELEVANT CHAPTER AND SECTION OF THE CLASS BOOK WIKI.
Indicate below the date on which this was completed, as well as the link to the webpage where you added your paper.
(See the instructions re how to do this.)
Inserted final paper in the appropriate chapter and section of the wiki textbook on this date (add the date completed): 11/23/10
Add the link to the chapter and section where you inserted your contribution: http://drmills.wiki-site.com/index.php/SECTION:_FEMALE_SLOW_REPRODUCTIVE_RATE#Female_Libido_and.2For_Receptivity_Increases_During_Ovulation
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EVALUATION AND TOTAL POINTS (by Dr. Mills)
Ratings (1 - 5):
_5__ submitted the research proposal on time / critiqued a classmate's first draft
_5___found appropriate research references relevant to a topic; integrated and synthesized relevant information about the topic
_5__ writing is of high quality: interesting, flows, analytic, organized
_5__ used APA style referencing appropriately (including reference list)
_4__ included a list of web links to the original articles cited (if available), included a list of additional resources relevant to the topic on the web, inserted final draft into appropriate section of the wiki textbook
Total Points: 24
